There is an abstract philosphical sense in which everything we know is a social construct. After singular solipsism, we might agree we are seperate minds; and then it looks, to those minds, like there’s an empirical reality; and that reality includes our brains; and our brains are the physical substrate upon which the mind software operates. This is how we see reality*.
(*when we’re not inventing fantasies and believing them)
The most useful social construct we have is science, because it’s so practically productive. And science can be used to evaluate other social constructs, sufficiently well that we can now assess the nature of the very mind that started to contemplate the nature of the world. Science is a social construct because it has been constructed socially, by cooperating humans over centuries; and, before that nascent ‘science’, natural philosophy was the most rigorous discipline, for millennia. Of course a lot of the old ideas have been superceded by better ones, backed up by good empirical evidence; and many old ideas have been rejected because after millenia there is still zero positive evidence to support them.
Science is such a useful social construct it can assess the utility and reliability of the sciences themselves. There’s a hierarchy of sciences. They are commonly referred to as being on a spectrum of hard and soft sciences.
But ‘hard’ sciences, while difficult at higher levels of expertise, are simpler, more reliable, easier sciences than the ‘soft’ sciences. The term ‘hard’ does not mean difficult or complex, relatively speaking, but solid, reliable, repeatable. The ‘soft’ sciences are far more complex and difficult to do well, reliably, as sciences. The hierarchy is not one of moral merit, but of simplicity, reliability, repeatability. Physics, Cemistry, Biology, Neuroscience, Psychology, Sociology, to pick a few, go from hard to soft. Note, though, for newer sciences, like neuroscience, the field will change fast but become more reliable, while much older sciences, like psychology, will contain a lot of historic contested results. Hard science experiments are easier to replicate, support, or falsify; soft sciences are way more difficult, with much more disagreement about the ‘facts’ that the science uncovers.
This is why the biology of sex, backed by general biology, chemistry, physics, trumps the flaky end of the social sciences, where the abuse of science results in statements like ‘sex is a social construct’ in an attempt to refute inconvenient biological science. Well, yes, in the extreme philosoiophical sense, sex is a social construct but it results from the reliable categorisation of members of sexually reproducing species into male and female; a categorisation that is NOT a construct of science, but a construct of millions of years of differentiation between males and females in many species.
Are there variations that aren’t as ‘hard’ as the difference between a proton and an electron? Yes. Biological complexity being far greater than atomic complexity (not least because biology is constituted by the physics and chemistry of matter – there are necessarily more ways to make a biological system than an atomic one) has variations that don’t conform to strict and simple ‘hard’ differences typical of smaller objects viewed through the social construct of the science of physics.
But, if reality has any meaning at all, it really is the case that there are two sexes, and that the variations we see are deviations from statistical norms that dominate the biology of sexually reproducing species.
The norm is so strong that it’s only in 20th and 21st century sciences of biology, neuroscience, psychology, sociology that we have established reliably that the variations we see in sexual attraction and gender identity are ‘normal’, natural variations, while not being close to the norm.
However, the softer the science, the easier it is to politicise and attribute moral meaning to, and interpret in any desired politically motivated context one wishes. It’s difficult to politicise Newton’s laws of motion – they do not care about your feelings or your moral probity. This is why the moralising politicisation of the social sciences looks so much like religion.
The religious often object to the ‘dogma’ of science, but to say Newton’s laws are dogmatic is to mistake solid consistency and reliability for unsupported actual religious/political dogma. To say scientists are being dogmatic when they debunk crank ‘science’ (perpetual motion, astrology works, morphic resonance) is to be completely ignorant of the reliability of the hard sciences. On the other hand much soft sciences is infected with claims based on unrepeatable results from inadequately controlled observations with too few trials, all wrapped up in moralising political dogma: decide what you want to be, invent the ‘science’ to support it, falsification be damned.
Out of respect for the difficulty of the soft sciences (how really ‘hard’ they are) they should be treated with far more scrutiny and caution, but sadly, that goes out the window when you have a political and moral crusade to push.
Social Constructs Gone Mad
[It wasn’t my intention to pick on trans issues when I started writing this post, but coincidentally, the trans-ideology and gender-idology just happened to have provided extreme examples.]
People that vary in their sexual orientation or their feeling of their gender identity have been, and still are, persecuted for wanting to be who they are. I don’t know any TERFs (to use the derogatary term that many trans rights activists are fond of) that do not respect the rights of adults to identify as they wish, to engage in any sort of consensual adult relationships they wish.
The disagreements amount to two key ones:
- Respecting one’s chosen identity and how one wants to be referred to – typified by the topic of pronoun use.
- The interaction in safe spaces reserved for women.
The main disagreement regarding identity is not whether one should use whatever pronouns one chooses, but to what extent everyone else is expected to comply. If your gender is so fluid it changes as often as your underwear, and appears (no matter how serious it may feel to you) that you are inventing it as a political social construct in order to make a political point and entrap others into being ‘transphobic’ (i.e. you’re forever being dramatic about it) then sorry, but not everyone wants to be on their toes all the time trying to pre-empt your current gender or apologise for getting it wrong.
If you want to take a look at the insanity of social constructions at work, look no further that left wing progressivism.
If a serious discussion about how you are going to end Capitalism is degraded by you forever interrupting with a ‘point of order’, don’t be surprised if people stop taking you seriously.
Conversely, you might have a case of claiming transphobia if you have established an identity and even after plenty of time for adaptation colleagues insist on misgenering you. This is all about social niceties, and sadly, on both sides, some people are dicks.
For many women, the second disagreement is far more serious. Millennia of male domination and abuse is not merely a social construct but an evolutionarily determined biological one. I find many, but not all, radical feminists to be dicks too. Many really do hate men. But it may not be without justification that they hate most or all men, if they have suffered abuse at the hands of one or more significant men in their lives: fathers, uncles, brothers, cousins, boyfriends, husbands, … bosses and co-workers, … priests, police men.
The Changing Social Construct of Being a Man
Men have had to adapt to the realities that have emerged from the social constructs of science too. Women are not bimbos, sexual toys, properties of marriage, but are equal on most counts, and better or worse on others, on average.
Men also have to adapt to the fact that compared to the average woman, many if not most men are hypersexualised beasts that need to control our urges because we don’t have rights to women’s bodies. You only have to look at any war zone to realise this nature of men is on a tight leash, at least for some. The tendency not to rape may be innate to some men, perhaps many men, perhaps most – though its difficult to see in wars over the last few centuries to what extent the pre-war socialisation of behaviour of ‘gentlemen’ has programmed its suppression, rather than it being innate. If, as a man, you feel this is an unfair characterisation of men, that their ‘decency’ around women is not natural but socially programmed, you’d need a heck of a lot of information that isn’t available – we don’t have access to pre-social man; we can’t yet investigate our brains sufficiently well to separate nature from nurture.
The clues in other species don’t always help. While some species of ape seem to have acquired at least some habits of decency, requiring a modicum of consent, clearly females are attracted to some males when they are ready to mate – the biological tendency is heavily related to procreation, though not always.
Given the typical human family size compared to interest in sex, sex is very much a social pleasure that varies between the sexes and more so between individuals. Male sexual attacks dominate. Most sexual offenders are men. Female sexual offenders are far more rare.
History, even recent history, even the very recent history of 2023, shows that some men have a tendency to want to rape if the opportunity arises. To what extent is our socially constructed morality preventing men behaving in ways they would it the rules were not in place? How far off are we from becoming raping and pilaging mobs?
The sciences of anthropology, sociaology, psychology can inform us to some extent, but there’s no hard science test you can perform to determine whether women would be safe around any particular man if the social rules were lost in a post-apocolypse world.
Religious Constructs
Religions are social constructs. It may be difficult to convince a bleliever of a particular religion that theirs is a fantasy, but they are unlikely to conclude that other religions are fantasies, or at least delusional distortions of a true religion.
The hard science fact is that there is zero evidence to support the spiritual claims of any religion. Though the historicity of mortal religious figures is on firmer ground, they tend to be in the distant past, and the only ‘evidence’ are the books that were often written long after the period to which they refer.
It is ironic then when the religious complain about science being a social construct, as if that in any way lessens the abscence of evidence for their gods. Some of the challenges that refer to ‘scientism’ have some merit, when scientists are sloppy with their own claims about what science can and cannot prove. But it is particularly funny when the cry of “Scientism!” comes from the religious.
Summary
Yes, science is a social construct. An excellent one that has been particularly productive.
Every other systems of thought we invent is also a social construct, but always with less rigor and less certain results, and with a greater susceptability to ideological abuse, than is science.
Science is not to be confused with bad science, or the abuse of science, where it is used incorrectly to affirm some even less reliable ideology.


























